Physics & Chemistry
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This law describes how a heated black body's radiation output varies with wavelength and temperature.
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This law describes how the intensity of polarized light changes as it passes through a polarizing filter at an angle.
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This law of induction states that a changing magnetic field creates a proportional electromotive force in a nearby circuit.
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Paired with another physicist's name, this law gives the magnetic field produced by a steady electric current.
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This chemistry principle predicts how a system at equilibrium shifts to counteract a change in conditions.
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All 101 questions in this topic, with answers — use it to study, or just browse. Every actual play of the puzzle only pulls a random handful of these into one game, so knowing them all here won't spoil which ones show up or where they're hidden in the grid. Play it here.
This law states that a solvent's vapor pressure in a mixture is proportional to its mole fraction.
RAOULTThis effect describes how a superconductor expels magnetic field lines from its interior below a critical temperature.
MEISSNERThis effect describes a change in a material's refractive index in response to an applied electric field.
KERRThis physiologist's laws describe how particles spread out via diffusion and define the diffusion coefficient.
FICKThis effect produces a measurable voltage across a current-carrying conductor placed in a perpendicular magnetic field.
HALLThis effect describes the drop in fluid pressure that occurs when flow speeds up through a constricted section of pipe.
VENTURIThis law states that the electrostatic force between two charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
COULOMBThis eerie blue radiation is emitted when a charged particle travels through a medium faster than light does in that medium.
CHERENKOVThis gas law states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature.
BOYLEThis law states that a black body's radiation peaks at a wavelength inversely proportional to its temperature.
WIENThis law sets an upper limit of about 59.3% on the kinetic energy a wind turbine can extract from moving air.
BETZThis physicist's gold-foil experiment revealed that an atom's positive charge is concentrated in a tiny, dense nucleus.
RUTHERFORDThe weak intermolecular attraction named for this Dutch physicist explains why real gases deviate from ideal behavior.
WAALSThis ancient Greek's principle states that a submerged body experiences an upward force equal to the weight of fluid it displaces.
ARCHIMEDESThis law states that the rate of heat flow through a material is proportional to the temperature gradient across it.
FOURIERThis physicist's formula predicts the wavelengths of light emitted when a hydrogen atom's electron drops to a lower energy level.
RYDBERGThis physicist's laws describe the geometric rules governing the structure of soap films and bubbles.
PLATEAUThis optics principle holds that an opaque disc and a same-size hole produce identical diffraction patterns away from the direct beam.
BABINETPaired with another name, this law states a metal's thermal-to-electrical conductivity ratio is proportional to its temperature.
FRANZThis scientist's law states that equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
AVOGADROThis law states that the force needed to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the distance it is displaced.
HOOKEThis law gives the frictional drag force on a small sphere moving slowly through a viscous fluid.
STOKESThis law calculates how much a light ray bends when passing between two materials of different refractive index.
SNELLThis chemist's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of each gas's partial pressure.
DALTONThe Saint-_ _ _ _ _ _ principle states that the effect of a localized load is felt only close to where it's applied, not far away.
VENANTThis law relates the circulating magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through it.
AMPEREThis force law defines how a charged particle is pushed by combined electric and magnetic fields.
LORENTZPaired with another name, this effect is the temperature drop a real gas undergoes expanding without doing external work.
THOMSONThis gas law states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature when volume and amount of gas stay constant.
GAYLUSSACThis equation allows calculation of a cell's reduction potential from concentrations of the reacting species.
NERNSTThis effect explains why a siren's pitch sounds higher as it approaches and lower as it moves away.
DOPPLERThis law states that pressure applied to an enclosed, incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
PASCALThis law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the gas's pressure above it.
HENRYThis physicist's mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc-squared, reshaped 20th-century physics.
EINSTEINThis effect is a tiny attractive force between two uncharged metal plates placed extremely close together in a vacuum.
CASIMIRThis chemist's rule predicts that the more substituted, more stable alkene product tends to form in an elimination reaction.
ZAITSEVThis law states that a paramagnetic material's magnetization is directly proportional to an applied magnetic field, at constant temperature.
CURIEThis physicist's uncertainty principle states that certain pairs of properties can't both be measured with arbitrary precision at once.
HEISENBERGThis physicist's temperature marks the point above which an antiferromagnetic material loses its ordered magnetic structure.
NEELThis law describes how space-charge-limited electric current varies with the three-halves power of applied voltage.
CHILDThis physicist's circuit laws govern how current and voltage behave at junctions and around closed loops.
KIRCHHOFFThis effect deflects moving objects sideways relative to the ground because of Earth's rotation.
CORIOLISThis law of thermochemistry states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is the same whether it happens in one step or several.
HESSPaired with another name, this photochemical law states that only light actually absorbed by a substance can cause a chemical change.
DRAPERThis mathematician's series describes the visible spectral lines produced by hydrogen atoms.
BALMERThis physicist's constant relates the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas to its temperature.
BOLTZMANNPaired with another physicist's name, this photochemical law states that each photon absorbed triggers exactly one primary chemical event.
STARKPaired with another name, this law relates how much light a solution absorbs to its concentration and the light's path length.
BEERThis physicist's relativistic wave equation predicted the existence of antimatter.
DIRACPaired with another scientist's name, this equation describes the pressure drop for slow, viscous flow through a narrow cylindrical pipe.
HAGENThis chemist's law relates a gas's rate of diffusion or effusion to the square root of its molar mass.
GRAHAMThis effect causes a temperature difference to appear across the junction of two different conductors carrying an electric current.
PELTIERThis law describes how the radiant intensity from a perfectly diffusing surface varies with the viewing angle.
LAMBERTThis physicist's rule predicts the order in which electron orbitals fill as atoms get heavier.
MADELUNGThis law defines the angle of incidence at which reflected light becomes completely polarized.
BREWSTERThis law states that current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it.
OHMThis astronomer's period-luminosity relation let scientists use pulsating stars to measure vast cosmic distances.
LEAVITTPaired with another scientist's name, this law describes how magnetic susceptibility behaves above a ferromagnet's ordering temperature.
WEISSThis physicist's law relates the speed of fluid leaving an opening under gravity to the height of fluid above it.
TORRICELLIThis law states that for very brief flashes, the product of a light stimulus's intensity and duration stays constant for detection.
BLOCHThis gas law states that volume increases in proportion to temperature at constant pressure.
CHARLESPaired with another scientist's name, these equations describe the motion of viscous fluid substances like air and water.
NAVIERThis effect explains the curved flight path of a spinning ball moving through air.
MAGNUSPaired with another name, this outdated rule predicted the roughly geometric spacing of planetary orbits in the solar system.
BODEPaired with another name, this famous null-result experiment failed to detect Earth's motion through a hypothesized luminous ether.
MICHELSONPaired with another physicist's name, this early attempt to describe blackbody radiation broke down badly at short wavelengths.
RAYLEIGHThis physicist's four coupled equations form the mathematical foundation of classical electromagnetism.
MAXWELLThis physicist's three laws describe how forces cause objects to accelerate, and how every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
NEWTONThis physicist's early atomic model placed electrons in fixed circular orbits with quantized energy levels.
BOHRThis chemist's rule predicts which carbon a hydrogen atom will attach to when adding across an unsymmetrical alkene double bond.
MARKOVNIKOVThis chemistry rule states that electrons fill separate orbitals of equal energy singly before any orbital gets a second electron.
HUNDThis principle sets a theoretical minimum amount of energy that must be dissipated to erase one bit of information.
LANDAUERPaired with another scientist's name, this classical law estimates a solid's molar heat capacity from the number of atoms in its lattice.
DULONGThis effect generates a voltage when a temperature difference exists across the junction of two different conductors.
SEEBECKThis effect describes the splitting of atomic spectral lines when the source is placed in a magnetic field.
ZEEMANThis biochemist's rules found that in DNA, the amount of one paired base always equals the amount of its partner base.
CHARGAFFThis law gives the angles at which X-rays scattered from a crystal lattice interfere constructively.
BRAGGPaired with another name, this law states a black body's total radiated energy scales with the fourth power of its temperature.
STEFANPaired with another name, this ultracold matter state forms when many bosons occupy the same lowest-energy quantum state.
BOSEThis chemist's equation describes how a reaction's rate constant depends on temperature and activation energy.
ARRHENIUSThis astronomer's three laws describe how planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun.
KEPLERThis effect describes how a photon loses energy and increases in wavelength after scattering off an electron.
COMPTONThis physicist's oil-drop experiment measured the electric charge carried by a single electron.
MILLIKANThis law states that an induced electric current flows in a direction that opposes the change that created it.
LENZThis physicist's wave equation describes how a quantum system's state changes over time.
SCHRODINGERThis physicist's law relates the frequency of an element's characteristic X-ray emissions to its atomic number.
MOSELEYPaired with another name, this statistics describes how particles obeying the exclusion principle are distributed among energy states.
FERMIThis physicist proposed that all matter, not just light, carries an associated wavelength.
BROGLIEThis scientist's free energy combines enthalpy and entropy to predict whether a chemical process will occur spontaneously.
GIBBSPaired with another scientist's name, this equation relates the pressure and temperature at which two phases of matter are in equilibrium.
CLAUSIUSThis physicist's laws describe the heating effect of electric current and the behavior of gases during free expansion.
JOULEThis law states that galaxies recede from an observer at a speed proportional to their distance.
HUBBLEThis principle explains how faster-moving fluid exerts less pressure, helping generate lift on an airplane wing.
BERNOULLIThis exclusion principle states that no two identical fermions, like electrons in an atom, can occupy the same quantum state.
PAULIThis physicist's effect describes a supercurrent that can flow between two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier.
JOSEPHSONThis law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the total electric charge enclosed within it.
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