History & Events
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Captured by the Persian king Shapur I, this emperor reportedly died in humiliating captivity.
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Diocletian's co-ruler in the west, this emperor abdicated alongside him in AD 305.
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This former empress became the first woman to rule the Byzantine Empire in her own right.
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This cousin of Julian revolted against Valens but was captured and executed within a year.
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This senior bureaucrat was elevated by Licinius in 324 but was quickly deposed and executed by Constantine.
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Mutilated and deposed in 695, Justinian II's gruesome nickname described his facial injury: '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.'
SLITNOSEDHadrian's adopted heir, known as '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Pius,' enjoyed one of Rome's most peaceful 22-year reigns.
ANTONINUSConsidered the last effective western emperor, this ruler was murdered after a civil war with Ricimer.
ANTHEMIUSThis centurion seized the throne through a bloody coup and was later beheaded on Heraclius's orders.
PHOCASSon of Valerian, this emperor ruled 15 years through constant revolts before being murdered by his officers.
GALLIENUSAnastasius I earned the nickname '_ _ _ _ _ _ _,' meaning 'two different colored eyes,' and reigned 27 years.
DICORUSBefore taking his famous imperial name, this reforming emperor was born with the name _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
DIOCLESPhilip I, nicknamed 'Philip the _ _ _ _,' was the first Roman emperor born outside Europe.
ARABJulius '_ _ _ _ _,' installed by the eastern court, fled to Dalmatia and ruled in exile until his murder.
NEPOSThis adopted heir of Julius Caesar became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC, ruling for over 40 years.
AUGUSTUSProclaimed by his eastern legions in AD 69, this emperor began building the Colosseum.
VESPASIANThis great-grandson of Augustus, notorious for cruelty, was murdered by his own Praetorian Guard in AD 41.
CALIGULAThis first eastern emperor was crowned by the Patriarch of Constantinople and nicknamed 'the Thracian.'
LEOThis general reconquered Gaul, Hispania, and Dalmatia before being deposed and executed by Ricimer in 461.
MAJORIANSon of Marcus Aurelius, this emperor fought as a gladiator and was strangled in a palace conspiracy.
COMMODUSThis son of Carus died mysteriously while marching back to Europe, possibly from disease.
NUMERIANLeo VI, nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _' for his prolific legal writings, ruled Byzantium for over 25 years.
WISEThis commander was proclaimed emperor after Julian's death but died mysteriously before reaching the capital.
JOVIANThis emperor was captured and executed by troops loyal to the usurper Phocas in 602.
MAURICEThis uncle of Caligula began Rome's conquest of Britain and was allegedly poisoned by his wife Agrippina.
CLAUDIUSMagnus '_ _ _ _ _ _ _,' a British-based usurper, was defeated by Theodosius I and executed in 388.
MAXIMUSThis son of Valentinian I was killed by an officer of the usurper Magnus Maximus in AD 383.
GRATIANMichael III, mockingly nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,' was Byzantium's youngest emperor before his murder in 867.
DRUNKARDLeo V, nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _' for his homeland in the Caucasus, was murdered while attending church.
ARMENIANThis soldier-emperor reunified the fractured Roman Empire before being murdered by the Praetorian Guard.
AURELIANThis emperor's 3-month reign in AD 69 ended in suicide after losing the Battle of Bedriacum.
OTHOProclaimed by the Visigoths, this emperor was deposed after little over a year and became a bishop.
AVITUSThis son of Constantine I ruled the western empire before being overthrown and killed by the usurper Magnentius.
CONSTANSLeo III, nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _' after his home region, halted Muslim expansion into Anatolia.
ISAURIANThe last western Roman emperor, deposed by Odoacer in 476, shared his first name with Rome's legendary founder.
ROMULUSThis soldier-emperor married into the Theodosian dynasty and ruled the east from 450 to 457.
MARCIANConstantius I, nicknamed '_ _ _ _ _ _ _' for his pale complexion, was father of Constantine the Great.
CHLORUSThis governor of Spain briefly ruled during AD 69's chaos before being killed by Otho's coup.
GALBA'_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Severus,' Rome's first African-born emperor, founded a new imperial dynasty in AD 193.
SEPTIMIUSThis eastern emperor was defeated, deposed, and executed by Constantine I in AD 324.
LICINIUSLucius '_ _ _ _ _,' adopted brother of Marcus Aurelius, ruled as his co-emperor until his death by stroke.
VERUSThis civil servant seized power in Rome in 423 but was captured and executed by Theodosius II's forces.
JOANNESThis son of Septimius Severus granted Roman citizenship to nearly all free men in the empire.
CARACALLAThis emperor was killed fighting the Goths at the Battle of Abrittus in AD 251.
DECIUSProclaimed by Rhine legions in AD 69, this glutton emperor was killed by Vespasian's troops.
VITELLIUSThis son of Constantine VII reconquered Crete in 961 but died of sudden exhaustion while chasing game outdoors.
HUNTINGThis 13-year-old grandson of a short-lived African usurper ruled six years before dying during a Persian campaign.
GORDIANRome's first non-Italian-born emperor pushed the empire to its greatest territorial extent.
TRAJAN'_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _' Maximus, who murdered Valentinian III to seize power, was killed by a mob just months later.
PETRONIUSThis brother of Titus ruled 15 years before being assassinated in a court conspiracy in AD 96.
DOMITIANUnder this son of Theodosius I, regent Stilicho governed as Rome was sacked for the first time in 800 years.
HONORIUSProclaimed by Gundobad, this emperor was deposed by Julius Nepos and made a bishop instead of being killed.
GLYCERIUSThis cousin of Trajan ended Roman expansion and built a famous wall across northern Britain.
HADRIANBefore ruling as the teenage priest-emperor Elagabalus, this boy bore the birth name Varius Avitus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
BASSIANUSThis emperor's murder by his own troops in AD 282 elevated the Praetorian prefect Carus to the throne.
PROBUSThis general founded the Macedonian dynasty after being proclaimed co-emperor by Michael III in 866.
BASILClaudius II earned the nickname '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _' after a major victory over invading Germanic tribes.
GOTHICUSAugustus's stepson and successor ruled Rome for 22 years and later retired to the island of Capri.
TIBERIUSThis teacher-turned-usurper was defeated by Theodosius I at the Battle of the Frigidus in 394.
EUGENIUSThis general briefly ruled Illyricum before peacefully abdicating in Constantius II's favor and retiring.
VETRANIOTheodosius II built a massive ring of defensive _ _ _ _ _ around Constantinople that stood for centuries.
WALLSThe Senate chose this elderly senator to replace Domitian, starting the era of the 'Five Good Emperors.'
NERVANikephoros II '_ _ _ _ _ _,' who reconquered Cilicia and Antioch, was murdered in a plot involving his own wife.
PHOKASVespasian's son ruled peacefully for just two years, one of few sons to succeed a father without bloodshed.
TITUSSon of Theodosius I, this eastern emperor ruled for 13 years and died of natural causes in 408.
ARCADIUSThis emperor ended decades of war with Persia but lost the Levant to the new Muslim armies.
HERACLIUSElagabalus's cousin and successor, Severus '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,' was lynched by mutinous troops alongside his mother.
ALEXANDERMichael II, nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _ _ _' after his hometown, saw Sicily's conquest by Muslim forces begin.
AMORIANTrebonianus '_ _ _ _ _ _,' proclaimed after Decius's death, was murdered by his own troops two years later.
GALLUSNicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _,' Maximinus was Rome's first emperor to rise from the common soldier ranks.
THRAXThis eastern Tetrarch launched the last great Roman persecution of Christians before dying naturally.
GALERIUSSon of Maximian, this emperor died fighting Constantine at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312.
MAXENTIUSIn 313, Constantine I issued a famous edict from this northern Italian city, legalizing Christianity empire-wide.
MILANThis general reconquered Eastern Thrace from Bulgaria and was possibly poisoned by a rival named Basil.
JOHNHusband of Placidia, this short-lived emperor of 472 reportedly died of dropsy.
OLYBRIUSThis nephew of Justin I temporarily reconquered much of Italy and North Africa from Rome's old territory.
JUSTINIANBasil II earned the grim nickname 'Bulgar-_ _ _ _ _ _' after his crushing 1014 victory over the Bulgarian Empire.
SLAYERConstans II, nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _ _ _,' was murdered while bathing in Sicily in 668.
BEARDEDOverthrown by his own mother Irene in 797 and left sightless, this emperor is remembered by a grim epithet: '_ _ _ _ _.'
BLINDKnown to history as 'the Apostate,' this emperor was the last non-Christian to rule Rome.
JULIANNikephoros I, a court official nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,' was killed fighting the Bulgars at Pliska.
LOGOTHETE'_ _ _ _ _ _ Julianus' infamously won the Roman throne by outbidding rivals at a Praetorian Guard auction.
DIDIUSAlexios I '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,' whose call for help against the Turks helped spark the First Crusade, ruled 37 years.
KOMNENOSThis soldier-emperor, first of a new dynasty, rose from humble origins to rule Byzantium from 518.
JUSTINRomanos I '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,' who sidelined the young Constantine VII, died in exile as a monk.
LEKAPENOSMaximinus '_ _ _ _,' nephew of Galerius, was defeated by Licinius in a civil war and died soon after.
DAZAThis last Julio-Claudian emperor blamed Christians for Rome's Great Fire and died by suicide in AD 68.
NEROTheodosius I, the last emperor to rule a united Rome, was born in this region of the Iberian Peninsula.
HISPANIAThis elderly senator briefly became emperor in AD 275, ruling only seven months before dying of illness.
TACITUSThis general deposed Justinian II in 695 but was himself deposed by Tiberius III just three years later.
LEONTIUSThis former city prefect ruled only 87 days in AD 193 before being murdered by the Praetorian Guard.
PERTINAXThis praetorian prefect became emperor in 282 and died in Persia under mysterious circumstances.
CARUSConstantine VII's title 'Porphyrogenitus' referred to being born in a chamber lined with this royal color.
PURPLEThe philosopher-emperor Marcus '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,' who wrote 'Meditations,' died of plague in AD 180.
AURELIUSThis emperor's reign saw the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476.
ZENOMichael I '_ _ _ _ _ _ _,' who married into Nikephoros I's family, abdicated in 813 to become a monk.
RANGABEThis Praetorian prefect became the first non-senator emperor after arranging Caracalla's murder.
MACRINUSLeo IV, nicknamed 'the _ _ _ _ _ _' for his mother's ethnic homeland, ruled for nearly five years.
KHAZARThis eastern emperor was killed fighting the Goths at the disastrous Battle of Adrianople in AD 378.
VALENSSon of Carus, this co-emperor probably died in battle against Diocletian's forces in AD 285.
CARINUS