Botany & Plants
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Bred in 1868 from Concord and Cassady, this white grape is named for the New York county where it was created.
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Also known as Viura, this is one of the three traditional white grapes used to make Spanish Cava.
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This Catalan white grape contributes acidity to traditional Cava blends alongside Macabeo and Parellada.
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This South Tyrolean red grape is a natural cross of Teroldego and Schiava Gentile.
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Bred in Germany for cold resistance, this hardy red grape thrives in English and Scandinavian vineyards.
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Historically Italy's most planted white grape, it is also the source of the French brandy grape Ugni Blanc.
TREBBIANOThis Portuguese grape, prized for deep color and aroma, is a key component of Port wine.
TOURIGAThis light Sicilian red grape joins Nero d'Avola in Cerasuolo di Vittoria, Sicily's only DOCG wine.
FRAPPATOThis is one of Spain's most widely planted red grapes, especially common in the Utiel-Requena region.
BOBALThis aromatic Galician white grape nearly disappeared before Spanish winemakers revived it in the 1970s.
GODELLOThis Bordeaux white grape is the primary component of the sweet dessert wine Sauternes.
SEMILLONIts name is traced to the Latin 'alba lux,' or dawn light; this Piedmont white grape is the star of Caluso.
ERBALUCEThis famous Bordeaux red completing 'Cabernet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _' is a natural cross of two other grapes.
SAUVIGNONThis is the world's second most-planted wine grape, a Bordeaux staple known for its soft, plummy style.
MERLOTThis noble Piedmont grape is the sole variety behind Barolo and Barbaresco wines.
NEBBIOLOThis pale, historic red grape of South Tyrol is known in German-speaking areas as Vernatsch.
SCHIAVAAustria's spicy, peppery signature white grape has a full name completing Gruner _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
VELTLINERThis Piedmont white grape is the sole variety used to make the crisp wine Gavi.
CORTESEThis tannic Turkish red grape from Diyarbakir is traditionally blended with Okuzgozu for structure.
BOGAZKEREThis fragrant white grape from France's Condrieu appellation is prized for its floral, apricot-like aroma.
VIOGNIERThis wild native grape species of the southeastern United States produces large, thick-skinned berries.
MUSCADINEIts French nickname means 'lip-stinger,' a nod to the tart acidity of this Languedoc white grape.
PICPOULThis early-ripening Piedmont red grape's Italian name means 'little sweet one.'
DOLCETTOKnown as Steen in South Africa, this versatile Loire Valley white grape is short for '_ _ _ _ _ _ Blanc.'
CHENINThe signature red grape of Fronton, north of Toulouse, it was once sold in California as Pinot St. George.
NEGRETTEThis Veneto white grape is the principal variety behind the wine Soave.
GARGANEGABy law, Italy's sparkling wine Prosecco must be made from at least 85% of this grape.
GLERACalled Pinot Grigio in Italy, this grape's full French name completes the phrase Pinot _ _ _ _.
GRISKnown as Shiraz in Australia, this bold red grape is a signature variety of France's Rhone Valley.
SYRAHThe grape behind red Burgundy is named for its dark color; its full name completes Pinot _ _ _ _.
NOIRIts name means 'acid black' in Greek, and it is considered northern Greece's noblest red grape.
XINOMAVROThis fizzy, deeply colored red wine from Emilia-Romagna shares its name with its source grape.
LAMBRUSCOThis disease-resistant German red hybrid grape has become a favorite among English winemakers.
REGENTThis deeply colored Croatian coastal red grape shares its ancestry with Zinfandel and Primitivo.
PLAVACThough native to southwest France, this deep purple grape is now most closely associated with Argentina.
MALBECThis Spanish white grape from Rueda produces zesty wines with notes of fennel and grapefruit.
VERDEJOOften blended with Grillo and Catarratto, this Sicilian white grape lends body to Marsala wine.
INSOLIAThis sweet, distinctly flavored native American grape is famous for grape juice and jelly rather than wine.
CONCORDGrown in Puglia, this grape was later shown to be genetically identical to a famous California variety.
PRIMITIVOThis Hungarian white grape is the star of the famed sweet wine Tokaji.
FURMINTThis deeply colored red grape from Trentino shares its region with, but is distinct from, Lagrein.
TEROLDEGORare among grapes, this teinturier variety has red flesh as well as red skin, prized for boosting blend color.
ALICANTEArgentina's signature aromatic white grape is a natural cross of Muscat of Alexandria and the Mission grape.
TORRONTESNamed for the doctor who championed American viticulture, this grape is Missouri's official state grape.
NORTONThis rare Sicilian red grape nearly vanished before winemakers began reviving it in recent decades.
PERRICONETwo Sicilian varieties share this surname, distinguished as Mascalese and Cappuccio.
NERELLONamed for its 'little mill' appearance, this Veneto grape is blended alongside Corvina in Valpolicella.
MOLINARAOnce a key grape of Hungary's Bull's Blood, this rot-prone red was largely replaced by Kekfrankos in the 1900s.
KADARKACreated in 1922 by crossing Blaufrankisch and St. Laurent, this is now Austria's most planted red grape.
ZWEIGELTBeaujolais wine is made almost entirely from this light, fruity red grape.
GAMAYIts name simply means 'Greek' in Italian, hinting at ancient origins for this Campania white grape.
GRECOThis tannic southwest French red grape's name means 'iron,' a nod to the vine's very hard wood.
FEROne of the oldest cultivated grape families, its name is linked to the Greek island once called Monemvasia.
MALVASIAThis deeply colored Lombardy red grape is often blended with Barbera in northern Italian wines.
CROATINAThis aromatic red grape from Spain's Bierzo and Galicia regions produces light, fragrant wines.
MENCIAAmong Italy's most widely planted red grapes, it thrives especially in Piedmont's Asti and Alba districts.
BARBERACreated in 1925 by crossing Pinot Noir with Cinsaut, this is South Africa's signature red grape.
PINOTAGENamed for its floury-looking leaves, this Champagne grape's full name completes Pinot _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
MEUNIERThis golden-skinned Rhone white grape is traditionally blended with Marsanne in wines like Hermitage Blanc.
ROUSSANNEA cross of Cayetana Blanca and Alfrocheiro Preto, this grape is a mainstay of Portuguese table wines.
CASTELAOA late-harvest specialty of southwest France, its full name completes the phrase Petit _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
MANSENGThis ancient southern Italian red grape may have been brought by Greek settlers over 2,000 years ago.
AGLIANICOIts Piedmontese name means 'little rascal,' a nod to how difficult this aromatic white grape is to cultivate.
ARNEISThis Rhone white grape is almost always blended with Roussanne for added freshness and structure.
MARSANNELong thought purely American, DNA testing traced this California grape's roots to Croatia's Dalmatian coast.
ZINFANDELThis pink-skinned native American grape was the base of Nicholas Longworth's famed 1800s Ohio sparkling wines.
CATAWBAThis golden-skinned grape, whose full name adds 'Gialla,' is a specialty of Italy's Friuli region.
RIBOLLAItaly's word for Muscat, this intensely floral and fruity grape is used to make the sparkling wine Asti.
MOSCATOThis German-bred white hybrid grape ripens early enough to thrive in England's cool climate vineyards.
SOLARISKnown as Monastrell in Spain, this thick-skinned Mediterranean red grape thrives in hot, dry climates.
MOURVEDRENative to the volcanic island of Santorini, this crisp white grape is now planted across much of Greece.
ASSYRTIKOAlso called Petite Sirah, this grape was developed in 19th-century France and now thrives in California.
DURIFThis is the principal red grape of Portugal's Bairrada region, known for high acidity and tannin.
BAGAThis white grape is grown across Alsace and Germany; its name is often linked to the Latin word for 'forest.'
SYLVANERThis zesty, herbaceous white grape's full name completes the phrase Sauvignon _ _ _ _ _.
BLANCKnown as Fendant in the Valais, this is Switzerland's most widely planted white grape.
CHASSELASLong believed extinct in Bordeaux, this grape turned out to be thriving under another name in Chile.
CARMENEREOnce the world's most planted wine grape, this Spanish white variety is commonly distilled into brandy.
AIRENIts Turkish name translates to 'bull's eye,' describing the large, dark berries of this Anatolian red grape.
OKUZGOZUOne of Bordeaux's six classic red grapes, its full name completes the phrase Cabernet _ _ _ _ _.
FRANCThis minor Rioja blending grape adds aroma and acidity but covers only a small share of Spain's vineyards.
GRACIANOThis Friuli white grape was known simply as Tocai until a European Union naming dispute forced a name change.
FRIULANOThis deeply colored Veneto red grape lends color to blends without contributing much tannin.
NEGRARAThis high-tannin grape from southwest France is now the signature red variety of Uruguay.
TANNATThis robust red grape is native to the Greek island of Crete.
KOTSIFALIThis Sicilian white grape is a key ingredient in the fortified wine Marsala.
GRILLOSpain's second most planted red grape is called Garnacha at home but goes by this name internationally.
GRENACHEBred in California to boost the color of blended red wines, this teinturier grape is rarely bottled alone.
RUBIREDA minor Bordeaux blending grape prized for deep color, its full name completes the phrase Petit _ _ _ _ _ _.
VERDOTThis Campania white grape was reportedly favored by ancient Romans and nearly vanished after phylloxera.
FIANOGrown as Alvarinho in Portugal, this crisp white grape thrives in Spain's coastal Rias Baixas region.
ALBARINOThis light-bodied Veneto grape is a key blending component of Amarone and Valpolicella.
CORVINAIts name means 'dye' in Georgian, reflecting the deep color it lends to traditional qvevri wine.
SAPERAVIThis dark-skinned Dalmatian red grape is famously grown on the stone-walled terraces around Primosten, Croatia.
BABICThis robust Calabrian red grape is the backbone of the wine Ciro.
GAGLIOPPOThis is the traditional white grape of Spain's sherry region, prized for its neutral base flavor.
PALOMINOGermany's most planted white grape ranges from bone-dry to intensely sweet depending on how it's made.
RIESLINGThis Languedoc red grape adds softness and color when blended with Grenache and Syrah in Rhone-style wines.
CINSAUTWidely grown around the Mediterranean, this deeply colored red grape is also known as Mazuelo in Rioja blends.
CARIGNANThis tannic Bulgarian red grape of the Thracian Valley takes its name from the Greek word for 'black.'
MAVRUD